| Author | Messages | |
listmail
Posts:494
 | | 03/15/2008 10:57 PM |
| I don't expect small environments to really have a very big DIT that would
take very long to defrost. Also really don't see many small environments
being all that concerned about defrosting at all really. I see this as more
of a large environment kind of thing. Especially large environment with
heavy duty highly utilized LDAP based apps like Exchange.
joe
--
O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition -
http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm
-----Original Message-----
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of Steve Evans
Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008 10:49 PM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir]
You would need some logic in place for small environments. The most extreme
case is a single DC forest. But even a 2 DC forest would have an issue if
one DC is rebooted after say patches, it's online but not accepting requests
yet, when the admin patches the other DC and you're left with no DC's
because a DC is still defrosting.
Steve Evans
-----Original Message-----
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of joe
Sent: Saturday, March 15, 2008 8:11 AM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir]
Yep, that is somewhat why I was visualizing blocking the DC from being used
by clients until it is defrosted.
I am not too worried about the IOPS though because I think Exchange tends to
get pounded much harder in that area than AD does on a regular basis.
Exchange is just not as efficient as AD I think. 
--
O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition -
http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm
-----Original Message-----
From: Michael B. Smith [mailto:michael@TheEssentialExchange.com]
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2008 10:47 PM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject:
In-Reply-To:
<!&!AAAAAAAAAAAYAAAAAAAAAF9+ADLgmi9Fg4tY8Ma8Bc3CgAAAEAAAAAwsLuKHofhBgusVnDmD
SpEBAAAAAA==@joeware.net>
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread hijack in
progress....
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2008 22:46:38 -0400
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We've discussed this at length in regards to salting the Exchange caches
after a mailbox server information store restart. (Exchange Server 2007.)
In x64, the MB servers need quite a bit of time to fill the cache and until
that happens, MB access has a performance penalty. Depending on the size of
the MB server (number of mailboxes) and the amount of memory involved, it
can be VERY significant. Recommendation from the Exchange team has been to
allow that to happen naturally, and not to drive the cache load. Primarily
because pushing the load can potentially overwhelm the IOPS available to
respond to user requests (that is, value availability over responsiveness).
I could see a similar justification for A/D.
Regards,
Michael B. Smith
MCSE/Exchange MVP
http://TheEssentialExchange.com
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of joe
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2008 6:05 PM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread hijack in
progress....
I guess that response makes sense if you don't have enough RAM for the
entire DIT... otherwise the types of queries shouldn't matter a whole lot,
you will be loading the entire DIT up bit by bit.
I guess my main thought was whether or not anyone was so concerned about
response times on queries that getting the data prepopulated as fast as
possible was desirable for consistent response times. Dave's point about it
being intially as slow as it used to be and gravy after is well taken
initially I think, but wonder if down the road if it will be as acceptable
as apps get more and more used to faster responses for the most part. I am
thinking really high perf type needs.
One such case where I could see this coming into play would be around
Exchange and its heavy use of AD. You reboot a DC that Exchange servers are
using and it will take it a bit to get back to the perf levels it previously
had which may be enough to start causing a backlog in the delivery queues,
etc until AD catches back up with its caching again.
I was visualizing something that would block the DC from responding to most
if not all clients for LDAP until it was mostly defrosted and ready to go.
Sort of like doing some leg stretches and jumping jacks before running the
marathon. Once it was ready the guards would be lifted and anything hitting
the DC would have the same perf characteristics of the other currently
running DCs.
joe
--
O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition -
http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm
_____
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of
neil.ruston@barclayswealth.com
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2008 12:45 PM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread hijack in
progress....
Personally, I do not pre-load anything. I'd rather have the DC build the
cache based upon the queries received (I think.?)
Some DCs may query based upon migration activity, others may query based
upon application queries. Each may have a different profile.
I guess if we could profile each DC and pre populate based upon that
profile, then that might be useful.
I'm keen to hear other opinions and suggestions J
neil
_____
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of joe
Sent: 14 March 2008 16:32
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread hijack in
progress....
Thanks for bringing this up. Something I have been curious about as to
whether the masses that were using x64 were doing or not is preloading the
cache at restart or if they are just letting it natually populate.
So of the folks using x64 with enough RAM to cache everything, are you
defrosting the cache or letting it populate "naturally"?
If you are defrosting, what exactly are you doing?
Is this something that people think they need a "solution" for? If so, what
do you visualize that solution doing for you?
joe
--
O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition -
http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm
_____
From: ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] On Behalf Of
neil.ruston@barclayswealth.com
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2008 12:20 PM
To: ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
Subject: RE: [ActiveDir] Domain Controller Disk Performance and
configuration.
Perhaps this is mentioned elsewhere in the thread, but if disk I/O is an
issue as well as lsass, then maybe it's time to consider x64 and lots more
RAM??
If you can cache the database and indexes then most of these concerns are
moot.
[I'm currently using x64 with 16Gb RAM and the disks are very busy. doing
nothing at all J ]
neil
_____
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<div class=3DSection1>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We’ve discussed this at length in regards to =
salting the
Exchange caches after a mailbox server information store restart. =
(Exchange
Server 2007.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>In x64, the MB servers need quite a bit of time to fill =
the
cache and until that happens, MB access has a performance penalty. =
Depending on
the size of the MB server (number of mailboxes) and the amount of memory
involved, it can be VERY significant. Recommendation from the Exchange =
team has
been to allow that to happen naturally, and not to drive the cache load.
Primarily because pushing the load can potentially overwhelm the IOPS =
available
to respond to user requests (that is, value availability over =
responsiveness).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I could see a similar justification for =
A/D.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Michael B. Smith<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>MCSE/Exchange MVP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>http://TheEssentialExchange.com</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt =
0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span>=
</b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org =
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] <b>On
Behalf Of </b>joe
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 14, 2008 6:05 PM
<b>To:</b> ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread =
hijack in
progress....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>I guess that response makes sense if you don't have enough =
RAM for
the entire DIT... otherwise the types of queries shouldn't matter a =
whole lot,
you will be loading the entire DIT up bit by bit. </span><span =
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>I guess my main thought was whether or not anyone was so =
concerned
about response times on queries that getting the data prepopulated as =
fast as
possible was desirable for consistent response times. Dave's point about =
it
being intially as slow as it used to be and gravy after is well taken =
initially
I think, but wonder if down the road if it will be as acceptable as apps =
get
more and more used to faster responses for the most part. I am thinking =
really
high perf type needs.</span><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>One such case where I could see this coming into play would =
be
around Exchange and its heavy use of AD. You reboot a DC that Exchange =
servers
are using and it will take it a bit to get back to the perf levels it =
previously
had which may be enough to start causing a backlog in the delivery =
queues, etc
until AD catches back up with its caching again.</span><span =
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>I was visualizing something that would block the DC from =
responding
to most if not all clients for LDAP until it was mostly defrosted and =
ready to
go. Sort of like doing some leg stretches and jumping jacks before =
running the
marathon. Once it was ready the guards would be lifted and anything =
hitting the
DC would have the same perf characteristics of the other currently =
running DCs.
</span><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'> joe</span><span =
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>--</span><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition - <a
href=3D"http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm">http://www.joeware.net/win/a=
d3e.htm</a> </span><span
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>
<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org =
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>neil.ruston@barclayswealth.com
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 14, 2008 12:45 PM
<b>To:</b> ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread =
hijack in
progress....</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>Personally, I do not pre-load anything. I’d rather =
have the
DC build the cache based upon the queries received (I =
think…?)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>Some DCs may query based upon migration activity, others may =
query
based upon application queries. Each may have a different =
profile.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>I guess if we could profile each DC and pre populate based =
upon
that profile, then that might be useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>I’m keen to hear other opinions and suggestions =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:navy'>J</span><span=
lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'><o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>neil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>
<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span>=
</b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org =
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] <b>On
Behalf Of </b>joe
<b>Sent:</b> 14 March 2008 16:32
<b>To:</b> ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [ActiveDir] x64 and preloading the cache - thread =
hijack in
progress....</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>Thanks for bringing this up. Something I have been curious =
about as
to whether the masses that were using x64 were doing or not is =
preloading the
cache at restart or if they are just letting it natually =
populate.</span><span
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>So of the folks using x64 with enough RAM to cache =
everything, are
you defrosting the cache or letting it populate =
"naturally"?</span><span
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>If you are defrosting, what exactly are you =
doing?</span><span
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>Is this something that people think they need a
"solution" for? If so, what do you visualize that solution =
doing for
you?</span><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'> joe</span><span =
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>--</span><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue'>O'Reilly Active Directory Third Edition - <a
href=3D"http://www.joeware.net/win/ad3e.htm">http://www.joeware.net/win/a=
d3e.htm</a> </span><span
lang=3DEN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>
<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>
</div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org
[mailto:ActiveDir-owner@mail.activedir.org] <b>On Behalf Of =
</b>neil.ruston@barclayswealth.com
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 14, 2008 12:20 PM
<b>To:</b> ActiveDir@mail.activedir.org
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [ActiveDir] Domain Controller Disk Performance and
configuration.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>Perhaps this is mentioned elsewhere in the thread, but if =
disk I/O
is an issue as well as lsass, then maybe it’s time to consider x64 =
and
lots more RAM??<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>If you can cache the database and indexes then most of these
concerns are moot.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>[I’m currently using x64 with 16Gb RAM and the disks =
are very
busy… doing nothing at all </span><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;color:navy'>J</span><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy'> =
]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>neil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><span =
lang=3DEN-GB> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><span =
lang=3DEN-GB>
<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>
</span></div>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Barclays
Wealth is the wealth management division of Barclays Bank PLC. This =
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